Which gland is responsible for the production of insulin?

The pancreas is the gland responsible for the production of insulin, a key hormone in glucose metabolism and regulation. Located behind the stomach, the pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. Its endocrine component produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which are crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels.

Insulin is secreted by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. When blood glucose levels rise after eating, insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells for energy use or storage as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues. This process helps lower blood sugar levels, thereby contributing to homeostasis in the body.

This understanding highlights the critical role of the pancreas in the endocrine system, particularly concerning the regulation of carbohydrates and the implications of its malfunction, which can lead to conditions like diabetes mellitus.